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Related Concept Videos

Shearing Strain01:20

Shearing Strain

263
The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between...
263
Plastic Behavior01:21

Plastic Behavior

196
A material's elastic behavior is characterized by the disappearance of stress once the load is removed, allowing the material to return to its original state. However, when stress surpasses the yield point, yielding commences, marking the onset of plastic deformation or permanent set. This change from elastic to plastic behavior is influenced by the peak stress value and the duration before the load is removed. An intriguing observation occurs when a specimen is loaded, unloaded, and...
196
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

264
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
264
Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts01:20

Plastic Deformation in Circular Shafts

186
When materials are subjected to forces that surpass their yield strength, they undergo a process known as plastic deformation. This results in a permanent alteration or strain in their structure. This concept can be specifically applied to circular shafts, where the deformation leads to a change in its shape. The precise evaluation of this plastic deformation requires understanding the stress distribution within the circular shaft, which is achieved by calculating the maximum shearing stress in...
186
Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load01:23

Behavior of Concrete Under Compressive Load

158
Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
As the concrete specimen fractures under...
158
Problem Solving on Stress and Strain01:22

Problem Solving on Stress and Strain

731
Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
731

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography
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Visualization of Failure and the Associated Grain-Scale Mechanical Behavior of Granular Soils under Shear using Synchrotron X-Ray Micro-Tomography

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From creep to flow: Granular materials under cyclic shear.

Ye Yuan1, Zhikun Zeng1, Yi Xing1

  • 1School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.

Nature Communications
|May 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Rough granular materials always yield under shear, unlike simple glasses. Particle surface roughness significantly impacts their yielding transition and relaxation mechanisms, revealing complex dynamics in amorphous solids.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Granular materials share structural similarities with amorphous solids like glasses.
  • The elastic response of granular materials under shear and the role of particle roughness in yielding remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of particle surface roughness on the yielding transition and dynamics of granular materials under cyclic shear.
  • To elucidate the relaxation mechanisms governing the behavior of granular systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized X-ray tomography to capture the 3D microscopic dynamics of two granular systems with varying particle roughness.
  • Subjected the systems to cyclic shear at different shear amplitudes (Γ).

Main Results:

  • Both systems exhibited a transition from creep to diffusive dynamics, indicating granular materials always yield.
  • A distinct dynamic change, slowing down, and heterogeneity were observed in the low-roughness system around Γ ≈ 0.1.
  • The high-roughness system showed continuous dynamic evolution with increasing shear amplitude.
  • Roughness-induced micro-corrugations on the potential energy landscape were identified as a key factor.

Conclusions:

  • Granular materials, particularly rough ones, do not exhibit an elastic response and always yield, contrasting with simple glasses.
  • Particle surface roughness fundamentally alters the yielding transition and relaxation dynamics.
  • The study highlights the complex and rich relaxation mechanisms present in real granular materials.