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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

In Situ Visualization of the Phase Behavior of Oil Samples Under Refinery Process Conditions

Published on: February 21, 2017

The refinery of the future.

Eelco T C Vogt¹, Bert M Weckhuysen²

¹Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands. e.t.c.vogt@uu.nl.

|May 8, 2024

Summary

Transitioning away from fossil fuels requires reimagining oil refineries. Future refineries can utilize carbon dioxide and waste, powered by renewable energy, to produce essential chemicals and fuels sustainably.

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Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Sustainable Energy
Climate Change Mitigation

Background:

Fossil fuels are the primary global energy source and chemical feedstock.
Their combustion is the main driver of global climate change.
Renewable electricity offers a path for energy transition, but refinery products remain essential.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the feasibility of a fossil-free refinery beyond 2050.
To identify alternative feedstocks and processes for sustainable chemical and fuel production.
To assess the requirements for a carbon-neutral refinery infrastructure.

Main Methods:

Proposing the electrification of refinery processes.
Investigating the use of carbon dioxide as a feedstock for hydrocarbon fuels.
Examining the utilization of agricultural and municipal waste for chemical and polymer synthesis.
Highlighting the critical need for renewable energy for hydrogen production and carbon capture.

Main Results:

A fossil-free refinery model is scientifically and technologically achievable with long-term commitment.
Future refineries will shift focus from fuels to chemicals and polymers.
Significant expansion in land area and mineral resources will be necessary.
Substantial renewable energy generation capacity is crucial for hydrogen and carbon capture.

Conclusions:

The development of a completely fossil-free refinery is possible by 2050.
This transition necessitates a shift in raw materials and process electrification.
The future refinery model requires significant investment in renewable energy infrastructure and resource management.