Impact of diabetes on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting surgery in acute...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Diabetology
• Surgical Outcomes

Background:

• Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant comorbidity linked to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.
• Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a key intervention for diabetic patients with severe coronary artery disease.
• DM is a known risk factor for increased morbidity and mortality following elective CABG.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the impact of diabetes mellitus on short-term outcomes in patients undergoing CABG for acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Main Methods:

• A retrospective propensity score-matched (PSM) analysis of 1370 patients who underwent CABG for ACS between June 2011 and October 2019.
• Patients were categorized into non-diabetic (n=905) and diabetic (n=465) groups.
• Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality; secondary outcomes included perioperative myocardial infarction, new onset dialysis, reoperation for bleeding, and ICU stay duration.

Main Results:

• Post-PSM, baseline characteristics were comparable. The non-diabetic group had higher rates of total arterial revascularization (p=0.048) and bilateral internal thoracic artery use (p<0.001).
• The diabetic group exhibited significantly higher incidences of perioperative myocardial infarction (p=0.048) and new onset dialysis (p=0.008).
• In-hospital mortality rates were statistically similar between the diabetic and non-diabetic groups (p=0.907).

Conclusions:

• Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increased risk of adverse perioperative outcomes in patients undergoing CABG for ACS.
• Despite higher morbidity, in-hospital mortality following CABG for ACS remains comparable between diabetic and non-diabetic patients.