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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkynes to cis-Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Introduction
Like alkenes, alkynes can be reduced to alkanes in the presence of transition metal catalysts such as Pt, Pd, or Ni. The reaction involves two sequential syn additions of hydrogen via a cis-alkene intermediate.

Reduction of Benzene to Cyclohexane: Catalytic Hydrogenation

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Unlike the easy catalytic hydrogenation of an alkene double bond, hydrogenation of a benzene double bond under similar reaction conditions does not take place easily. For example, in the reduction of stilbene, the benzene ring remains unaffected while the alkene bond gets reduced. Hydrogenation of an alkene double bond is exothermic and a favorable process. In contrast, to hydrogenate the first unsaturated bond of benzene, an energy input is needed; that is, the process is endothermic. This is...

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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Plasma Catalysis for Hydrogen Production: A Bright Future for Decarbonization.

Ni Wang¹, Hope O Otor¹, Gerardo Rivera-Castro¹

¹Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

ACS Catalysis

|May 9, 2024

Summary

Nonthermal plasma catalysis offers a sustainable alternative to traditional thermal methods for chemical synthesis. This approach is particularly promising for clean hydrogen production, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and mitigating greenhouse gas emissions.

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

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Published on: August 17, 2016

Area of Science:

Chemical Engineering
Materials Science
Plasma Physics

Background:

Traditional chemical synthesis relies heavily on fossil fuels, posing environmental concerns.
Renewable energy integration is crucial for sustainable production of chemicals and fuels.
Nonthermal plasma technology presents a viable alternative for energy-efficient chemical transformations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review advancements in nonthermal plasma catalysis for hydrogen production.
To highlight the potential of plasma catalysis in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
To outline future research directions in clean hydrogen generation.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on nonthermal plasma catalysis.
Analysis of recent developments in catalyst design and process intensification for plasma reactors.
Discussion of energy efficiency and scalability of plasma-based hydrogen production.

Main Results:

Nonthermal plasma catalysis significantly enhances reaction rates and selectivity.
Integration of catalysts with nonthermal plasmas offers synergistic benefits for chemical synthesis.
Plasma catalysis is a key technology for producing clean hydrogen with reduced environmental impact.

Conclusions:

Nonthermal plasma catalysis is a transformative approach for sustainable chemical production, especially for clean hydrogen.
Further research is needed to optimize catalyst stability and reactor design for industrial-scale applications.
This technology holds significant promise for decarbonizing the chemical and fuel industries.