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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Monitoring Colony-level Effects of Sublethal Pesticide Exposure on Honey Bees

Monitoring Colony-level Effects of Sublethal Pesticide Exposure on Honey Bees

Published on: November 15, 2017

Can Bees Detect Perfluorooctane Sulfonate (PFOS)?

Carolyn A Sonter¹, Matthew Tighe¹, Romina Rader¹

¹School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.

Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry

|May 9, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) readily consume contaminated food sources, even at harmful levels of Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Bees only avoid PFOS-spiked syrup when a clean option is available, indicating potential exposure risks.

Keywords:

Adverse outcome pathway Ecological risk assessment Honey bees Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS)

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Investigating Long-Distance Transport of Perfluoroalkyl Acids in Wheat via a Split-Root Exposure Technique

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Published on: September 28, 2022

Area of Science:

Environmental Toxicology
Ecotoxicology
Pollinator Health

Background:

European honey bees (Apis mellifera) are vital crop pollinators facing threats from contaminants.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent pollutant found in honey, with unknown effects on bee behavior.
Sublethal PFOS exposure negatively impacts bee health, but exposure routes and behavioral responses remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate honey bee behavioral responses to Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) exposure.
To determine if honey bees can detect, avoid, or are attracted to PFOS-contaminated food sources.
To understand potential exposure pathways of PFOS to bees and subsequent risks.

Main Methods:

Honey bees were exposed to varying concentrations of PFOS-spiked sugar syrup in Y-maze experiments.
Behavioral responses, including choice, activity, and drinking duration, were recorded over 10 minutes.
Comparisons were made between bees offered choices of spiked vs. unspiked syrup and those offered only spiked syrup.

Main Results:

Most bees consumed PFOS-spiked syrup, even at high concentrations.
Significant avoidance of PFOS-spiked syrup occurred only when unspiked syrup was also offered at concentrations of 61 and 103 µg/L.
No avoidance was observed at lower PFOS concentrations (0.02 and 30 µg/L), which are environmentally relevant.

Conclusions:

Honey bees will consume PFOS-contaminated resources at levels detrimental to colony health.
Bees do not consistently avoid contaminated food sources, suggesting significant exposure pathways.
These findings highlight risks to pollination services and potential human health impacts through food chain transfer.