Attitudes of Patients with Advanced Chronic Illnesses Toward Palliative Extubation in a Country Where It Is Illegal

Background: Palliative extubation (PE) is the cessation of mechanical ventilation (MV) during terminal illness. Although PE is widely practiced in many countries, it remains illegal in others. Attitudes toward PE of patients at the highest risk for MV were scarcely explored before. Objective: To assess the attitudes of patients with advanced chronic illnesses (ACI) toward PE and other end-of-life decisions in a country where PE is illegal. Design: A prospective observational study using questionnaire-based interviews. Setting/Subjects: Patients with ACI hospitalized between 2021 and 2022 in a large tertiary center. Attitudes toward PE and mechanical ventilation were evaluated. Predictors for favoring/opposing PE were analyzed using multivariate logistical regression models. Results: A total of 152 (40% female, 75 ± 11 years) patients were included. The most common ACIs were advanced heart failure (32%), metastatic malignancy (32%), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (22%). Around 132 patients (87%) supported the legalization of PE, and their main reason was to avoid pain and suffering (87%). Legalization of PE would change the decision to avoid mechanical intubation in 34% of the cases. Most patients thought that the decision to perform PE should be made by the patient's physician and primary caregiver collaboratively (64%). Religious observance was an independent predictor for opposing PE (adjusted odds ratio 0.18; 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.59; p < 0.01), whereas the type of ACI was not. Conclusion: Most admitted patients with ACIs support the legalization of PE. Such policy change could have major impact on patients' end-of-life preferences. At-risk patients should be the focus of future studies in this area.