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The efficacy and safety of anamorelin among patients with diabetes

Kenju Ando1, Tateaki Naito2, Satoshi Hamauchi3

  • 1Division of Thoracic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, 1007 Shimonagakubo, Nagaizumi-Cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.

International Journal of Clinical Oncology
|May 9, 2024
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Patients with cancer cachexia and diabetes experienced less weight gain with anamorelin and had more adverse events. Diabetes is a significant factor impacting anamorelin efficacy and safety.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Anamorelin is a ghrelin receptor agonist used for cancer cachexia.
  • Predictors of anamorelin efficacy are not well-established.
  • The impact of diabetes on anamorelin treatment outcomes requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of diabetes on anamorelin efficacy in cancer cachexia patients.
  • To assess the safety profile of anamorelin in diabetic versus non-diabetic patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for 103 cancer cachexia patients treated with anamorelin.
  • Categorization into diabetic (DM) and non-diabetic groups based on diagnostic criteria.
  • Comparison of body weight gain and adverse events between groups, defining responders as those with ≥0 kg weight gain.

Main Results:

  • The DM group showed significantly less weight gain (median -0.53% vs. +3.00%) and fewer responders (45.2% vs. 81.9%).
  • Diabetes was associated with a 6.55-fold increased odds of non-response, adjusted for age and performance status.
  • The DM group experienced a higher incidence of hyperglycaemic adverse events (72.2%) and more treatment discontinuations due to these events (25.8%).

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus negatively impacts anamorelin efficacy for weight gain in cancer cachexia.
  • Diabetic patients face an elevated risk of hyperglycaemic adverse events when treated with anamorelin.
  • Diabetes is a crucial factor to consider when prescribing anamorelin for cancer cachexia.
Keywords:
AnamorelinCancer cachexiaDiabetesHyperglycaemia

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