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Teratogenicity

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Long-term Behavioral and Reproductive Consequences of Embryonic Exposure to Low-dose Toxicants

Published on: March 6, 2018

Phthalate exposure and subfecundity in preconception couples: A nested case-control study.

Anxin Yin¹, Lisha Mao², Congcong Zhang¹

¹Department of Maternal, Child and Child Health, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Health Technology Evaluation (National Health Commission), Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

|May 9, 2024

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Exposure to phthalates (PAEs), common endocrine disruptors, significantly increases subfecundity risk in couples trying to conceive. Monitoring PAE exposure is crucial for improving reproductive health.

Keywords:

Nested case-control study Phthalate Preconception couples Subfecundity Time to pregnancy

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Area of Science:

Environmental Health
Reproductive Toxicology
Endocrinology

Background:

Phthalates (PAEs) are widespread endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
Environmental exposure to PAEs is a global concern.
Subfecundity affects couples attempting to conceive.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the association between phthalate (PAE) exposure and subfecundity in preconception couples.
To evaluate the joint effects of mixed PAE exposure on reproductive health.

Main Methods:

Nested case-control study within a preconception cohort.
Analysis of urinary phthalate metabolite levels in 107 subfecund and 144 fecund couples.
Application of weighted quantile sum (WQS) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models.

Main Results:

Higher urinary phthalate concentrations were associated with increased subfecundity risk in both females and males.
A dose-response relationship between phthalate exposure and subfecundity was observed.
Combined exposure to phthalate mixtures significantly increased subfecundity risk for individuals and couples.

Conclusions:

Phthalate exposure is a significant risk factor for subfecundity in preconception couples.
Reducing environmental phthalate exposure is recommended to enhance human reproductive health.
Further monitoring of PAE exposure is essential for public health initiatives.