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Assessment of Social Transmission of Food Preferences Behaviors

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Published on: January 25, 2018

Adverse Food Reactions: Physiological and Ecological Perspectives.

Lisa L Korn^1,2, Vassily I Kutyavin², Nathaniel D Bachtel²

¹Department of Medicine, Section of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Clinical Immunology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.

Annual Review of Nutrition

|May 9, 2024

Summary

Animals have evolved "antitoxin" defenses against harmful food components, similar to antimicrobial defenses. Failures in these systems, whether overactive or underactive, can lead to adverse food reactions and health issues.

Keywords:

adverse food reactions food quality control food science gastrointestinal physiology mucosal immunology

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Area of Science:

Immunology
Nutritional Science
Animal Physiology

Background:

Food is vital for survival but can trigger adverse reactions like intolerances, celiac disease, and allergies.
Foods contain numerous substances with potential beneficial or detrimental effects on consumers.
Animals possess evolved defense mechanisms, termed

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the structure and function of antitoxin defenses in animals.
To elucidate how failures in these defense mechanisms contribute to adverse food reactions.
To provide insights into the evolutionary basis of food-related health issues.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on animal defense mechanisms against food components.
Comparative analysis of antitoxin and antimicrobial defense systems.
Discussion of the physiological costs and benefits associated with defense responses.

Main Results:

Antitoxin defenses, analogous to antimicrobial defenses, protect against harmful food substances.
These defenses operate at a fitness cost to the animal.
Dysregulation of antitoxin defenses (over- or under-activity) leads to pathological food reactions.

Conclusions:

Failures in antitoxin defense systems are a primary cause of adverse food reactions.
Understanding these defenses is crucial for addressing food intolerances, allergies, and toxicities.
The balance between defense efficacy and cost is critical for maintaining health.