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Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
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Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
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Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...
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The effect of e-cigarettes on cognitive function: a scoping review.

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Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) appear to have minimal acute cognitive effects on current smokers. However, their long-term cognitive impacts, especially on adolescents and nicotine-naïve individuals, require further investigation.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Nicotine's acute cognitive effects are well-researched, showing varied impacts.
  • Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly used for smoking cessation, but their cognitive effects are less understood.
  • Research is needed to clarify e-cigarette cognitive effects, with or without nicotine.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review empirical evidence on the cognitive effects of e-cigarettes.
  • To synthesize findings on e-cigarette use in smokers and non-smokers.
  • To identify gaps in knowledge regarding long-term cognitive impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review following PRISMA-ScR guidelines.
  • Searched SCOPUS, PubMed, and EBSCOhost from 2006 to June 2023.
  • Included 7 experimental and 4 cross-sectional studies, checking reference lists.

Main Results:

  • Most studies focused on acute effects in current cigarette smokers.
  • E-cigarettes showed minimal to positive cognitive effects in smokers.
  • Some studies reported cognitive impairments (memory, concentration, decision-making) in both smokers and never-smokers.

Conclusions:

  • Acute cognitive effects of e-cigarettes on smokers seem minimal.
  • Long-term cognitive effects and impacts on never-smokers remain unclear.
  • Further research on long-term effects in nicotine-naïve individuals and adolescents is crucial.