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Related Concept Videos

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs01:02

Prescription, Nonprescription and Orphan Drugs

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Prescription drugs require a prescription from a medical practitioner and can only be obtained from a pharmacy. They have many applications, including treating pain, anxiety, and hypertension.
The misuse and addiction to prescription drugs is a growing problem that can affect people of all age groups, specifically teenagers. This can happen when prescription medications are used in ways not intended by the prescriber, such as taking someone else's prescription or using medication for...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

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Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
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Drug Therapy01:28

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The advent of drug therapy has profoundly shaped modern mental health care, providing targeted treatments for a range of psychological disorders. Psychotherapeutic drugs, classified into antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, address symptoms across anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and schizophrenia. While these medications have transformed patient outcomes, they require careful management due to their potential side effects and limitations.
Antianxiety Medications
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Additional Routes of Drug Administration01:18

Additional Routes of Drug Administration

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Choosing the appropriate route of drug administration is significantly influenced by two key factors: the therapeutic objectives and the inherent properties of the drug being used.
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Drug Classes and Categories01:25

Drug Classes and Categories

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Drugs can be classified according to their chemical composition or their intended therapeutic application. For instance, anti-infective agents that possess the ability to eliminate pathogens or suppress their growth and reproduction can be grouped based on the organisms they target or their chemical structure. Furthermore, drugs can be divided into prescription, nonprescription, or controlled substances. Prescription medications, such as antibiotics, require oversight from a licensed healthcare...
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

The Goeckerman Regimen for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Psoriasis
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Topical Prescription Management.

Katie Lovell1, Brad Ackerson2, Ryan Thorpe2

  • 1Wake Forest University, Department of Dermatology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|May 9, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) are advancing, with steroid-sparing options offering effective itch relief and improved disease severity. Novel therapies are expanding choices for managing AD, emphasizing the importance of topical interventions.

Keywords:
Calcineurin inhibitorsEmollientsJanus kinase (JAK) inhibitorsMaintenance therapyPhosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitorsSteroid-sparingTopical biotherapeuticsTopical corticosteroids (TCS)Topical medicationsAtopic dermatitis

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis (AD) management increasingly incorporates advanced topical therapies.
  • Topical corticosteroids (TCSs) remain crucial, necessitating careful use to mitigate side effects.
  • Steroid-sparing agents are vital for managing AD symptoms and improving patient outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in topical therapies for atopic dermatitis.
  • To highlight the role of steroid-sparing agents and novel treatments in AD management.
  • To emphasize the importance of topical interventions in the comprehensive care of AD.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in topical therapies for atopic dermatitis.
  • Analysis of the efficacy and safety profiles of various topical agents.
  • Discussion of emerging treatments, including tapinarof and live biotherapeutics.

Main Results:

  • Steroid-sparing options such as calcineurin inhibitors, Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE-4) inhibitors are effective for AD.
  • These alternatives provide rapid itch relief and improve disease severity, complementing emollient use.
  • Novel topical treatments, including tapinarof and microbiome-modulating biotherapeutics, show promise for AD management.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of topical AD treatment has expanded significantly with novel therapeutic options.
  • Careful selection and use of topical treatments, including TCSs and steroid-sparing agents, are essential for effective AD management.
  • Emerging topical therapies offer diverse and promising strategies for improving outcomes in patients with atopic dermatitis.