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Helper T cell subsets: Development, function and clinical role in hypersensitivity reactions in the modern
Andy Ka Chun Kan1, Wang Tik Tang2, Philip H Li1
1Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
Heliyon
|May 10, 2024
Summary
Different helper T cell subsets, including T helper 1 (TH1), T helper 2 (TH2), T helper 17 (TH17), and follicular helper T cells (TFH), play distinct roles in various hypersensitivity reactions, influencing clinical manifestations. Understanding these roles offers potential therapeutic targets for immune-mediated conditions.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cellular Biology
- Dermatology
Background:
- Helper T cells are crucial immune regulators, traditionally categorized into T helper 1 (TH1) and T helper 2 (TH2) subsets.
- Recent discoveries have identified additional subsets, including T helper 17 (TH17), follicular helper T cells (TFH), and regulatory T cells (Treg), expanding our understanding of immune responses.
- These subsets have distinct functions in immune regulation and hypersensitivity reactions, shaping modern immunological perspectives.
Purpose of the Study:
- To elucidate the specific roles of different helper T cell subsets in various hypersensitivity reactions.
- To demonstrate the correlation between specific helper T cell involvement and characteristic clinical manifestations of these reactions.
- To highlight potential therapeutic targets for hypersensitivity reactions based on helper T cell subsets and their associated cytokine profiles.
Main Methods:
- Review and summarization of existing literature on helper T cell subsets and their roles in hypersensitivity.
- Analysis of the correlation between TH1, TH2, TH17, and TFH cell functions and specific clinical conditions.
- Discussion of the implications for targeted biologic therapies.
Main Results:
- TH1 cells are implicated in allergic contact dermatitis.
- TH2 cells are associated with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.
- TH17 cells play a role in acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP).
- TFH cells are crucial for antibody class-switch recombination and may be involved in antibody-mediated hypersensitivity, requiring further investigation.
Conclusions:
- Helper T cell subsets exhibit distinct roles in mediating different types of hypersensitivity reactions, leading to characteristic clinical presentations.
- Targeting specific helper T cell subsets and their cytokine profiles presents a promising avenue for novel biologic therapies for hypersensitivity disorders.
- Further clinical trials are necessary to validate the efficacy and safety of these targeted treatments.
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