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Related Concept Videos

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis

10.3K
In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
Ozone is a symmetrical bent molecule stabilized by a resonance structure.
10.3K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

10.1K
Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
10.1K
Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols01:21

Radical Oxidation of Allylic and Benzylic Alcohols

2.0K
Activated manganese(IV) oxide can selectively oxidize allylic and benzylic alcohols via a radical intermediate mechanism. Primary allylic alcohols are oxidized to aldehydes, while secondary allylic alcohols yield ketones. The redox reaction of potassium permanganate with an Mn(II) salt such as manganese sulfate (under either alkaline or acidic conditions), followed by thorough drying, yields the oxidizing agent: activated MnO2. While MnO2 is insoluble in the solvents used for the reaction, the...
2.0K
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

26.3K
In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
26.3K
Oxidation of Alcohols02:37

Oxidation of Alcohols

13.0K
In this lesson, the oxidation of alcohols is discussed in depth. The various reagents used for oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols are detailed, and their mechanism of action is provided.
The process of oxidation in a chemical reaction is observed in any of the three forms:
13.0K
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate

11.4K
Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
11.4K

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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia YSZ Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels
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High Temperature Fabrication of Nanostructured Yttria-Stabilized-Zirconia YSZ Scaffolds by In Situ Carbon Templating Xerogels

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Electrocatalytic Oxygen Reduction Using Metastable Zirconium Suboxide.

Huashuai Hu1, Zhihang Xu2, Zhaorui Zhang1

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Ganjingzi District, Dalian, 116024, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

A novel zirconium suboxide, Zr₃O, discovered at interfaces, shows superior oxygen reduction reaction performance. This finding opens new avenues for developing advanced electrocatalysts for clean energy technologies.

Keywords:
electrocatalysismetastable zirconiumoxygen reduction reactionzinc-air battery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • High-performance electrocatalysts are crucial for advancing clean energy technologies.
  • Metastable phases, often difficult to synthesize in bulk, can exhibit unique catalytic properties.
  • Interfacial structures present a promising, yet underexplored, avenue for discovering novel catalysts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the catalytic potential of the Zr₃O suboxide phase.
  • To evaluate the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of Zr₃O-based catalysts.
  • To demonstrate the practical applicability of these novel catalysts in energy storage devices.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a Zr-Zr₃O-Fe₃C/NC (nitrogen-doped carbon) composite catalyst.
  • Electrochemical characterization of the catalyst's ORR activity and stability.
  • Performance testing of the catalyst in a zinc-air battery (ZAB) configuration.

Main Results:

  • The Zr-Zr₃O-Fe₃C/NC catalyst exhibited outstanding ORR performance, surpassing benchmark Pt/C.
  • A high half-wave potential (E₁/₂) of 0.914 V was achieved, with minimal degradation over 20,000 cycles.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability and high power density (241.1 mW cm⁻²) in a zinc-air battery, operating for over 50 days.

Conclusions:

  • Interfacial or metastable phases, like Zr₃O, can serve as highly effective electrocatalysts.
  • The developed Zr₃O-based catalyst offers a promising alternative to precious metal catalysts for clean energy applications.
  • This research highlights a new strategy for discovering advanced electrocatalysts by exploring difficult-to-stabilize phases.