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High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Instrumentation

High-performance liquid chromatography, or HPLC, is an analytical technique that separates liquid samples under high pressures. An HPLC instrument consists of glass bottles for storing solvents called mobile phase reservoirs. HPLC-grade solvents are used to maintain high purity, and the dissolved gases are removed using a degasser, such as a vacuum pumping system or sparging with helium. The solvents are then pumped into the analytical column using a screw-driven syringe or reciprocating pumps.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Types of Detectors

The role of the detectors in High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is to analyze the solutes as they exit from the chromatographic column. The detector recognizes the solute's property and generates corresponding electrical signals, which are converted into a readable graph of the detector's response versus elution time called a chromatogram at the computer. There are several types of HPLC detectors, each with its own advantages and limitations, depending on the analyte...

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical Fluid Chromatography

Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) provides a beneficial substitute for gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) for certain samples because it merges the top attributes of both techniques. SFC allows the separation and analysis of compounds that GC or LC does not easily manage. These compounds are traditionally nonvolatile or thermally unstable, making GC unsuitable and lacking functional groups required for HPLC analysis.
SFC utilizes a supercritical fluid mobile phase,...

Principles Of Column Chromatography

Principles Of Column Chromatography

The chromatography technique was first invented in 1901 by Michael S. Tswett, a Russian botanist, to separate plant pigments using organic solvents. Further, in 1941, Archer John Porter Martin and R. L. M. Synge modified the technique by packing silica gel into a column. A mixture of amino acids was then separated on the packed column using chloroform and water mixture as the mobile phase. This was the first report on column chromatography. At present, column chromatography is a widely used...

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Open-Source Miniature Fluorimeter to Monitor Real-Time Isothermal Nucleic Acid Amplification Reactions in Resource-Limited Settings

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The utilization of open-source microcontroller boards and single-board computers in liquid chromatography.

Christopher Piccolo¹, Samuel W Foster¹, Deklin Parker¹

¹Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, New Jersey, USA.

Journal of Separation Science

|May 10, 2024

Summary

Open-source electronics like microcontrollers and single-board computers are revolutionizing liquid chromatography (LC) automation. This review covers recent advances in LC instrument control and data collection using these accessible technologies.

Keywords:

liquid chromatography microcontroller open‐source single‐board computer

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Measurement Science
Instrumentation

Background:

Electronic control is vital for modern analytical instrumentation, particularly in liquid chromatography (LC).
Automation, module operation, detection, data acquisition, and analysis are key areas impacted by electronic control in LC.
Open-source microcontrollers and single-board computers are increasingly used in developing custom analytical tools for liquid-phase separations.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent literature (past 5 years) on the use of open-source electronics in advancing liquid chromatography.
To highlight how microcontrollers and single-board computers simplify operations in LC research.
To showcase applications in sample preparation, instrument control, and data collection.

Main Methods:

Literature review of scientific publications within the last five years.
Focus on studies utilizing open-source microcontrollers and single-board computers for LC systems.
Analysis of reported advancements in sample preparation, instrument control, and data collection.

Main Results:

Numerous studies demonstrate the successful application of open-source electronics in LC.
These devices facilitate simplified automation and enhanced control of LC modules and detectors.
Significant progress has been made in data acquisition and analysis using these platforms.

Conclusions:

Open-source microcontrollers and single-board computers are powerful, cost-effective tools for advancing LC research.
These technologies enable greater accessibility and innovation in custom analytical instrumentation.
The trend indicates a growing reliance on open-source solutions for future LC development.