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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

1.7K
The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...
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Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

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The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Clinical Protocol of Producing Adipose Tissue-Derived Stromal Vascular Fraction for Potential Cartilage Regeneration
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How to manage a native stiff knee.

Francesco Pirato1, Federica Rosso1, Federico Dettoni1

  • 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, AO Ordine Mauriziano Hospital, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.

EFORT Open Reviews
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Native stiff knee, a condition limiting knee motion, is rare but debilitating. Treatment varies, with total knee arthroplasty (TKA) considered for severe, painful cases, requiring careful surgical planning.

Keywords:
stiff kneetotal knee arthroplasty

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Rheumatology
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • Knee stiffness is a common postoperative complication, but native stiff knee is less understood.
  • Defined in 1989, stiff knee involves <50° total range of motion; ankylosed knee is <30°.
  • Stiffness presents as flexion, extension, or combined contractures, with various patient-related and non-patient-related risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on the epidemiology, classification, and treatment of native stiff knee.
  • To consolidate current knowledge on this rare but disabling condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of native stiff knee.
  • Analysis of epidemiological data, classification systems, and treatment modalities.
  • Discussion of risk factors and surgical considerations, including total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Main Results:

  • Native stiff knee is characterized by limited range of motion and can be classified into contracture types.
  • Risk factors are diverse, encompassing patient-specific and external elements.
  • Treatment options range from manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) and surgical release to TKA for severe arthritis.

Conclusions:

  • Native stiff knee is an uncommon yet significantly impairing condition.
  • Management requires a tailored approach, considering the underlying cause and severity.
  • Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a viable option for painful, stiff knees with severe arthritis, demanding meticulous surgical planning.