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The Potential Reversible Transition between Stem Cells and Transient-Amplifying Cells: The Limbal Epithelial Stem

Sudhir Verma1,2, Xiao Lin1, Vivien J Coulson-Thomas1

  • 1College of Optometry, University of Houston, 4901 Calhoun Road, Houston, TX 77204, USA.

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|May 10, 2024
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Transit-amplifying cells (TACs) bridge stem cells and differentiated cells in the cornea. This review explores TAC differentiation, progenitor-like cells, and the potential for TACs to dedifferentiate into stem cells.

Keywords:
centrifugal movementcorneadedifferentiationlimbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs)progenitorsstem cellstransit-amplifying cells (TACs)

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Tissue Regeneration

Background:

  • Stem cells (SCs) divide asymmetrically to produce transit-amplifying cells (TACs) with higher proliferative capacity.
  • In the cornea, limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) generate TACs that differentiate into corneal epithelial cells.
  • Injury may induce corneal progenitor-like cells to dedifferentiate into LESCs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of LESC differentiation into TACs and corneal epithelial cells.
  • To examine evidence for progenitor-like cells within the cornea.
  • To explore if TACs possess progenitor-like capabilities and can dedifferentiate into SCs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent advances in stem cell differentiation and corneal biology.
  • Analysis of studies on progenitor-like cells in the cornea.
  • Synthesis of findings from other organ systems regarding TAC dedifferentiation.

Main Results:

  • LESCs differentiate into TACs, which then differentiate into corneal epithelial cells.
  • Evidence suggests progenitor-like cells exist within the cornea.
  • TACs may possess progenitor-like properties and potentially dedifferentiate into SCs.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding LESC differentiation and TAC behavior is crucial for corneal regeneration.
  • The role of corneal progenitor-like cells and TAC plasticity warrants further investigation.
  • TACs may represent a key cellular population with regenerative potential in the cornea.