Hospital Environmental Factors That Influence Peripheral Oxygen Saturation Measurements: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pulse oximetry is a non-invasive, cost-effective, and generally reliable instrument measuring pulse rate and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂). However, these measurements can be affected by the patient's internal or external factors, including the type of pulse oximeter device (POD). (1) This study's objective was to identify potential environmental factors that may impact the measurements taken by three PODs. (2) Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was designed. The patients' SpO₂ levels were measured using a standard monitor and two PODs owned by the professionals. The measurements were taken on the patients' fingers. Concurrently, we evaluated the surrounding environmental conditions, encompassing temperature, humidity, illuminance, and noise. (3) Results: This study involved 288 adult participants in the sample. For each 20-decibel increment in noise, there was a reduction in SpO₂ by an average of 1%, whereas for every additional degree of ambient temperature, SpO₂ decreased by an average of 2% (4) Conclusions: Significant correlations between SpO₂ and age, as well as with noise and ambient temperature, were observed. No significant differences between oxygen saturation and lighting or humidity were observed. This study was prospectively registered with the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Gran Canaria at the Dr. Negrín University Hospital, with protocol code 2019-247-1, and approved on 24 May 2019.