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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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The ability of induced pluripotent stem cells or iPSCs to differentiate into most body cell types has stimulated repair and regenerative medicine research over the past few decades. iPSC-derived blood cells, hepatocytes, beta islet cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, and other cell types can repair injuries or regenerate damaged tissue in diseases such as diabetes and neurodegenerative disorders.
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
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Isolation of Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor from Embryonic Stem Cells
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Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes decrease Hyperplasia in Psoriasis by inducing transforming growth factor β2

Zahraa Ibrahim Abed1, Mona Arianejad2, Zahra Azizi3

  • 1Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, P.O. Box 14515-775, Tehran, Iran.

Molecular Biology Reports
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exosomes show potential for treating psoriasis by reducing skin hyperplasia. These exosomes upregulate Transforming Growth Factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) signaling, offering an alternative to immunotherapy.

Keywords:
ExosomesHyperplasiaMesenchymal stem cellsPsoriasisTGF-β2

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Isolation, Characterization, and Therapeutic Application of Extracellular Vesicles from Cultured Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Science
  • Cell Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease managed by immunotherapy.
  • Long-term immunotherapy poses health risks and can lead to loss of response.
  • Alternative treatments are needed, with mesenchymal stem/stromal cell (MSC) exosomes showing promise due to their immunomodulatory properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if MSC exosomes can reduce psoriasis-induced hyperplasia.
  • To determine if MSC exosomes induce Transforming Growth Factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) signaling to achieve this reduction.

Main Methods:

  • Exosomes were isolated from MSCs using ultracentrifugation.
  • Exosome morphology and concentration were assessed using scanning electron microscopy and the Bradford test.
  • TGF-β2 expression and protein levels were quantified using real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively.

Main Results:

  • Uniform, cup-shaped exosomes (15-30 nm) were successfully isolated.
  • MSC exosome treatment significantly increased TGF-β2 gene expression in target cells.
  • The calculated IC50 value for the treatment was 181.750 µg/ml.

Conclusions:

  • MSC exosomes can reduce psoriasis-induced hyperplasia.
  • Upregulation of TGF-β2 expression via TGF-β2 signaling is a key mechanism by which MSC exosomes exert their therapeutic effect.