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Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Children and Adolescents

Susan M Halbach1,2, Deborah Stein3,4

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Seattle Children's Hospital, 4800 Sand Point Way NE, M/S OC.9.820, Seattle, WA, 98105, USA. susan.halbach@seattlechildrens.org.

Current Hypertension Reports
|May 10, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological condition characterized by hypertension and brain imaging abnormalities. Prompt management, including blood pressure control and anti-epileptic drugs, often leads to recovery in children.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Pediatrics
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a neurological disorder.
  • It is characterized by severe hypertension and specific brain imaging findings.
  • PRES may result from impaired cerebral autoregulation in response to acute blood pressure changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in children.
  • To discuss predisposing factors, clinical presentation, and management strategies for pediatric PRES.
  • To highlight the importance of early diagnosis and intervention in improving outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pediatric cases with PRES.
  • Analysis of predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, and imaging findings.
  • Evaluation of treatment outcomes and prognostic indicators.

Main Results:

  • Common predisposing factors in children include renal disease, autoimmune disorders, malignancy, transplantation, hypertension, sepsis, and certain medications.
  • Management involves controlling hypertension, removing causative agents, and administering anti-epileptic medications.
  • Most children achieve complete recovery, though recurrence is possible and persistent imaging abnormalities may indicate a poorer prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Early recognition and management of PRES in children are crucial.
  • Addressing underlying causes and providing supportive care can lead to favorable outcomes.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the incidence and long-term prognosis of PRES in pediatric populations.
Abstract

Keywords:
Blood pressureChildHypertensionPRESPediatric

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