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Related Concept Videos

Dissociative Amnesia01:21

Dissociative Amnesia

75
Dissociative amnesia is a complex psychological condition that manifests as an inability to recall personal information, often tied to traumatic or stressful events. Unlike general amnesia, individuals with this condition retain the ability to perform routine activities and procedural tasks, such as operating a phone or navigating public transportation, yet experience profound gaps in autobiographical memory. These lapses may encompass significant life events, such as suicide attempts or...
75
Dissociative Disorders01:27

Dissociative Disorders

73
Dissociative disorders represent complex psychological conditions characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, or perception. These disruptions cause individuals to experience a disconnection from their thoughts, emotions, and memories. The phenomenon is not merely an occasional lapse in attention but a profound alteration in mental functioning that can severely impact daily life.
Dissociative Fugue
A hallmark feature of dissociative disorders is the dissociative fugue...
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False Memories01:18

False Memories

86
False memories represent a cognitive distortion in which individuals recall events that did not happen, or remember them in an altered form. This phenomenon highlights the brain's constructive nature in processing and recalling memories, emphasizing that memory is not a perfect representation of past events but rather a dynamic reconstruction influenced by various factors.
One primary source of false memories is misattribution, where individuals incorrectly associate external information...
86
Repressed Memory01:16

Repressed Memory

78
Repressed memories are a psychological phenomenon where memories of traumatic events are unconsciously blocked from a person's awareness. This process occurs as a defense mechanism, protecting the mind from the emotional impact of distressing or painful experiences. For example, a person who has experienced childhood trauma may grow up with no conscious recollection of the event. In such cases, the memories are thought to be buried deep within the subconscious, inaccessible to the conscious...
78
Dissociative Identity Disorder01:30

Dissociative Identity Disorder

74
Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID), previously termed multiple personality disorder, is a complex psychological condition characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states. Each identity exhibits unique patterns of behavior, voice, and mannerisms and may possess separate memories and emotional responses. The alternating control between identities can result in memory gaps and challenges in recalling daily activities, often exacerbating the individual's...
74
Explicit Memories01:27

Explicit Memories

135
Explicit memories, also known as declarative memories, are consciously remembered, recalled, and reported. Studying for a chemistry exam involves material that will become part of explicit memory. There are two types of explicit memory: episodic and semantic.
Episodic memory contains information about personally experienced events and is reported as a story. An example of episodic memory is recalling a birthday celebration. This type of memory includes the what, where, and when of an event, as...
135

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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

The Deese-Roediger-McDermott DRM Task: A Simple Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate False Memories in the Laboratory
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Dissociative Amnesia: Remembrances Under Cover.

Angelica Staniloiu1,2,3, Hans J Markowitsch1

  • 1Department of Physiological Psychology, University of Bielefeld.

Topics in Cognitive Science
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dissociative amnesia (DA), or mnestic block syndrome, stems from psychic alterations impacting brain physiology. Functional imaging confirms these changes, validating patients' conditions beyond feigning or direct brain damage.

Keywords:
Autobiographical memoryBrain imagingDissociationDissociative disordersMnestic block syndromeNeuropsychiatry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • The concept of repressed memories is debated, often attributed to encoding issues or brain damage.
  • Distinguishing true memory loss from malingering is crucial in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying causes of dissociative amnesia (DA).
  • To establish DA as a genuine neurological condition, distinct from feigning or direct brain injury.
  • To explore the physiological basis of mnestic block syndrome.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized functional imaging techniques, specifically fluoro-deoxy-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET).
  • Investigated a cohort of patients diagnosed with severe and persistent DA.

Main Results:

  • FDG-PET scans revealed alterations in brain physiology consistent with psychic alterations in DA patients.
  • Findings support the hypothesis that all memory processes, including amnesia, involve changes in brain function.
  • Evidence suggests DA is not caused by feigning or direct neurological damage.

Conclusions:

  • Dissociative amnesia (mnestic block syndrome) is a genuine condition rooted in physiological brain changes.
  • Functional imaging provides objective evidence for DA, refuting claims of malingering.
  • Psychic alterations in DA have demonstrable correlates in brain function.