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Related Concept Videos

Power Factor01:11

Power Factor

385
The power factor is defined as the ratio of average (or active) power to apparent power, as illustrated by the relation
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Power Factor Correction01:20

Power Factor Correction

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The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
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Maximum Power Transfer01:16

Maximum Power Transfer

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Numerous practical applications within engineering disciplines, such as telecommunications, necessitate optimizing power delivery to a connected load. This pursuit, however, entails inherent internal losses, which can either equal or exceed the power supplied to the load. The Thevenin equivalent circuit is helpful in finding the maximum power a linear circuit can deliver to a load. It is assumed in this context that the load resistance can be adjusted.
By substituting the entire circuit with...
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Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

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Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
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The Power Flow Problem and Solution01:26

The Power Flow Problem and Solution

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Power flow problem analysis is fundamental for determining real and reactive power flows in network components, such as transmission lines, transformers, and loads. The power system's single-line diagram provides data on the bus, transmission line, and transformer. Each bus k in the system is characterized by four key variables: voltage magnitude Vk​, phase angle δk​, real power Pk​, and reactive power Qk​. Two of these four variables are inputs, while the...
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Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios01:25

Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios

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In scenarios involving parallel transformers with disparate ratings, developing per-unit models requires accommodating off-nominal turns ratios. This situation arises when the selected base voltages are not proportional to the transformer’s voltage ratings. Consider a transformer where the rated voltages are related by the term a. If the chosen voltage bases satisfy a relationship involving term b, term c is defined as the ratio of these bases. This ratio is then substituted into the...
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Synthesis of Non-uniformly Pr-doped SrTiO3 Ceramics and Their Thermoelectric Properties
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Order-Ncalculations for thermoelectric power factor based on linear response theory.

Hiroyuki Ishii1, Nobuhiko Kobayashi1, Kenji Hirose2

  • 1Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8573, Japan.

Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter : an Institute of Physics Journal
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

We developed a new quantum transport calculation method to assess thermoelectric properties like electric conductivity and Seebeck coefficient. This approach directly uses current correlations, offering an atomistic view for material performance evaluation.

Keywords:
linear response theoryorder-N calculationthermoelectric transportwave-packet dynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Thermoelectric materials are crucial for energy harvesting and cooling.
  • Accurate calculation of thermoelectric transport coefficients is essential for material design.
  • Conventional methods can be computationally intensive or limited in scope.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel order-N quantum transport calculation methodology.
  • To evaluate thermoelectric transport coefficients directly from current correlations.
  • To provide an atomistic approach for assessing thermoelectric performance.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an order-N quantum transport calculation methodology.
  • Utilized linear response theory to correlate heat and electric current.
  • Applied the method to a 2D square-lattice model with static disorder.

Main Results:

  • Successfully calculated thermoelectric transport coefficients.
  • Confirmed consistency between the new method and conventional approaches.
  • Demonstrated the methodology's effectiveness on a disordered lattice model.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed order-N methodology offers an effective way to compute thermoelectric coefficients.
  • This approach enables quantum mechanical evaluation of thermoelectric performance at the atomistic level.
  • It is suitable for analyzing micron-scale materials.