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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

518
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment
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Immunotherapies for locally aggressive cancers.

Sarah C Adams1, Arun K Nambiar1, Eric M Bressler1

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|May 10, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Intraoperative immunotherapy after surgical tumor resection offers a promising strategy to improve cancer treatment outcomes. This approach enhances drug delivery to the tumor site, reducing side effects and aiming for durable remission.

Keywords:
AntibodyBiomaterialsCAR TCancerDrug deliveryHydrogelIntraoperativeMesotheliomaNanoparticlesNon-small cell lung cancerSarcomaSmall Molecules

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Surgical Oncology
  • Immunotherapy

Background:

  • Complete surgical resection is standard for aggressive tumors, but recurrence remains a challenge.
  • Early cancer detection increases surgically eligible patients, creating an opportunity for improved outcomes.
  • Systemic therapies like chemotherapy and targeted drugs have limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of intraoperative local drug delivery strategies post-resection.
  • To review the current advancements in immunotherapy for cancer treatment.
  • To discuss the benefits of intraoperative immunotherapy for locoregional disease control.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current immunotherapy development and intraoperative treatment strategies.
  • Analysis of direct tumor microenvironment access for enhanced drug uptake.
  • Evaluation of methods to minimize drug exposure to healthy tissues.

Main Results:

  • Intraoperative delivery allows direct access to the tumor microenvironment.
  • This strategy improves drug uptake and minimizes systemic toxicity.
  • Immunotherapy shows significant benefits as a late-stage treatment approach.

Conclusions:

  • Intraoperative immunotherapy presents a significant opportunity to improve patient outcomes and reduce recurrence rates.
  • Further research is needed to explore and optimize these local drug delivery strategies.
  • The goal is to achieve sustained remission through enhanced locoregional disease control.