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Associations between Corneal Nerve Structure and Function in a Veteran Population.

Mohammad Ayoubi1, Kimberly Cabrera1, Elyana Vt Locatelli1

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Summary

Corneal nerve structure in veterans showed limited correlation with function. Corneal nerve fiber area was linked to sensation, but overall anatomy may not predict corneal function.

Keywords:
corneal nervesdry eye diseasein vivo confocal microscopyocular symptomstear production

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neuroscience
  • Ocular Surface Disease

Background:

  • Corneal nerve structure and function are crucial for ocular health.
  • Veterans represent a unique population with potential risk factors for ocular surface disease.
  • Understanding the relationship between corneal innervation and function is vital for diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between corneal nerve structure and function in a veteran cohort.
  • To determine if in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) metrics correlate with functional tests of the ocular surface.
  • To identify predictors of corneal function within the veteran population.

Main Methods:

  • 83 veterans underwent ocular surface examinations, including functional tests (corneal sensation, Schirmer test) and symptom questionnaires (DEQ5, OSDI, NRS, NPSI-Eye).
  • Corneal sub-basal nerve analysis was performed using IVCM to quantify nerve density, length, area, width, and fractal dimension.
  • Correlational and linear regression analyses were used to examine the relationship between structural and functional metrics.

Main Results:

  • Most corneal nerve structural metrics (IVCM) showed no significant relationship with functional metrics.
  • Weak correlations were observed between some IVCM metrics and tear production.
  • Corneal nerve fiber area was positively associated with corneal sensation (r=0.3, p=0.01).
  • Linear regression indicated corneal fractal dimension related to tear production (β=-0.26, p=0.02) and nerve fiber area related to sensation (β=0.3, p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Corneal nerve anatomy alone appears insufficient for predicting corneal function in veterans.
  • While some structural metrics show weak associations with tear production and sensation, the overall relationship is limited.
  • Further research may be needed to identify comprehensive biomarkers for ocular surface health in this population.