An OCT-A Analysis of the Importance of Intermediate Capillary Plexus in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Brief Review

Optical coherence tomography-angiography is a technique that allows us to non-invasively study in vivo the different retinal vascular networks. This allows a deeper understanding of retinal capillary anatomy and function, in addition to the pathophysiologic changes encountered in diverse diseases. The four retinal capillary layers have different anatomies and functions, implying distinct adaptation and roles in the course of the diseases. Diabetic retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in working-age adults. Several studies have evaluated how each retinal capillary layer is specifically affected according to the stage of the disease. Unfortunately, too few studies have considered the intermediate capillary plexus as a separate layer, as it has often been incorporated in another layer. In this review, we shed light on the potential role the intermediate capillary plexus plays in the physiopathology of diabetic retinal disease as well as its potential use in grading diabetic retinopathy and its clinical added value in estimating the disease prognosis.