Secreted Aspartic Proteinases: Key Factors in Candida Infections and Host-Pathogen Interactions

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Biochemistry
• Immunology

Background:

• Extracellular proteases are critical virulence factors in pathogenic *Candida* species.
• Secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) are extensively studied for their roles in fungal pathogenesis.
• These enzymes facilitate nutrient acquisition and host tissue damage.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review the diverse roles of secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) in *Candida* infections.
• To discuss the implications of Saps in biofilm formation, tissue invasion, and immune modulation.
• To explore diagnostic and therapeutic strategies targeting Saps.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on secreted aspartic proteases in *Candida*.
• Analysis of studies detailing Sap functions in virulence and host interactions.
• Examination of research on Saps as diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

• Saps are crucial for biofilm development and invasion by degrading host matrix proteins and coagulation factors.
• These proteases impair neutrophil and macrophage functions, modulating host immune responses.
• Saps contribute to antifungal drug resistance and present diagnostic challenges.

Conclusions:

• Secreted aspartic proteases play a central role in *Candida* pathogenicity, impacting multiple host systems.
• Saps represent promising targets for novel diagnostic biomarkers and adjunctive therapies for candidiasis.
• A multidisciplinary approach is essential for developing innovative interventions against *Candida* infections.