Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps

22.6K
Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
22.6K
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

893
The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
893
Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

7.0K
In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
7.0K
Structure of a Gene01:30

Structure of a Gene

12.5K
A gene is the fundamental unit of heredity. Every individual has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent. Although most people contain the same genes, there is a small fraction that is slightly different amongst people. A gene with a small difference in its sequence of DNA bases forms different alleles, contributing to different phenotypes.
However, only 1% of the DNA is composed of genes that encode proteins; the rest, 99% is non-coding DNA. This non-coding DNA performs...
12.5K
What is Gene Expression?01:36

What is Gene Expression?

8.5K
A gene is a stretch of DNA that serves as the blueprint for functional RNAs and proteins. Since DNA is comprised  of nucleotides and proteins are comprised of amino acids, a mediator is required to convert the information encoded in DNA into proteins. This mediator is the messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA copies the blueprint from DNA by a process called transcription. In eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus by complementary base-pairing with the DNA template. The mRNA is then...
8.5K
Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

3.0K
Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
3.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

DNA Sequence and Structure under the Prism of Group Theory and Algebraic Surfaces.

International journal of molecular sciences·2022
Same author

Group Theory of Syntactical Freedom in DNA Transcription and Genome Decoding.

Current issues in molecular biology·2022
Same author

The Poincaré Half-Plane for Informationally-Complete POVMs.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Magic informationally complete POVMs with permutations.

Royal Society open science·2017

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

8.5K

Topology and Dynamics of Transcriptome (Dys)Regulation.

Michel Planat1, David Chester2

  • 1Institut FEMTO-ST CNRS UMR 6174, Université de Franche-Comté, 15 B Avenue des Montboucons, F-25044 Besançon, France.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a mathematical framework for analyzing RNA sequences, linking gene expression health to complex mathematical groups and Painlevé equations. Findings reveal connections between oncomir seeds and these mathematical structures, with potential applications in cancer and neurodegenerative disease research.

Keywords:
Painlevé equationscancer researchcharacter varietydiseasesgroup theorymicroRNAstranscriptome

More Related Videos

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
09:44

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Published on: March 3, 2015

9.5K
Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

8.5K
High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes
09:44

High-throughput Screening for Chemical Modulators of Post-transcriptionally Regulated Genes

Published on: March 3, 2015

9.5K
Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
12:54

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

Published on: March 7, 2018

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Mathematical Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • RNA transcripts reflect gene expression health, and identifying disruptive sequences is crucial for disease treatment.
  • A mathematical approach has been developed to define a
  • healthy
  • RNA sequence with at most four distinct nucleotides (nt≤4).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mathematical properties of healthy RNA sequences and their connection to complex mathematical structures.
  • To investigate the relationship between these mathematical structures and disease-related RNA sequences, specifically microRNAs (miRNAs).

Main Methods:

  • Defining a
  • healthy
  • sequence group (fp) with properties related to free groups and aperiodic characteristics.
  • Analyzing the character variety of a four-punctured sphere (S24) and its singularities, which relate to Painlevé VI Equation solutions.
  • Examining the connection between decorated character varieties of Painlevé equations and character varieties derived from oncomir seeds.

Main Results:

  • The mathematical group (fp) generated by healthy RNA sequences exhibits properties close to a free group of rank nt-1.
  • Singularities in the character variety are linked to algebraic solutions of the Painlevé VI Equation.
  • A direct relationship was established between Painlevé equation character varieties and those calculated from oncomir seeds.

Conclusions:

  • The study establishes a novel mathematical framework for understanding RNA sequence health and its disruptions.
  • The findings demonstrate a significant link between complex mathematical equations (Painlevé) and biological RNA sequences, particularly miRNAs.
  • This research holds promise for applications in cancer research and the study of neurodegenerative diseases.