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Carnosic Acid Inhibits Herpes Simplex Virus Replication by Suppressing Cellular ATP Synthesis
Georgina Horváth1, Edit Molnár2, Zoltán Szabó3
1Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Albert Szent-Györgyi Medical School, University of Szeged, Semmelweis Str. 6, 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 11, 2024
Summary
Rosemary extract and carnosic acid show potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). Carnosic acid inhibits viral replication by blocking cellular ATP production pathways, offering a promising new antiviral strategy.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Virology
- Natural Product Chemistry
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance necessitates the discovery of novel antiviral agents.
- Herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2) poses a significant public health challenge.
- Natural products offer a rich source for identifying new therapeutic compounds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the antiviral activity of Hungarian indigenous plants against HSV-2.
- To evaluate the efficacy of carnosic acid, a rosemary compound, against HSV-2.
- To elucidate the mechanism of action of carnosic acid against HSV-2.
Main Methods:
- Screening of eight plant extracts for antiviral activity against HSV-2.
- Quantitative PCR (qPCR) to measure HSV-2 replication.
- Proteomics and high-resolution respirometry to analyze carnosic acid's mechanism.
Main Results:
- *Salvia rosmarinus* extract reduced HSV-2 replication by 90.46%.
- Carnosic acid demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of both extracellular and intracellular HSV-2.
- Carnosic acid suppressed ATP synthesis pathways, including glycolysis, the citrate cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, leading to significant viral suppression.
Conclusions:
- Carnosic acid exhibits potent antiviral activity against HSV-2.
- The antiviral mechanism of carnosic acid involves the inhibition of cellular ATP production.
- Carnosic acid is a promising candidate for developing novel HSV-2 antiviral therapies.
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