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Potyviral Helper-Component Protease: Multifaced Functions and Interactions with Host Proteins
Veronika Hýsková1, Kateřina Bělonožníková1, Josef Chmelík1,2
1Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
Plants (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 11, 2024
Summary
Helper-Component protease (HC-Pro) interacts with numerous plant proteins, influencing virus transmission, replication, and symptoms. These interactions can benefit the virus or host, explaining species-specific potyvirus sensitivity.
Area of Science:
- Plant virology
- Molecular biology
- Proteomics
Background:
- Potyviral Helper-Component protease (HC-Pro) is crucial for virus transmission, RNA silencing suppression, and symptom development.
- The cellular targets of plant virus proteases are largely unknown, hindering our understanding of virus-host interactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and discuss the known functional motifs and cellular protein targets of HC-Pro.
- To explore how HC-Pro interactions modulate host environments for viral benefit or impact symptom severity.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of functional motifs and known interactions of HC-Pro.
- Bioinformatic search for potential host targets containing the HC-Pro cleavage motif (YXVG/G) in UniProtKB.
- Analysis of documented interactions between HC-Pro and host proteins.
Main Results:
- HC-Pro interacts with over 20 host proteins, including those involved in proteasome degradation, methylation, translation (eIF4E), and microtubule organization (HIP2).
- Interactions with proteins like MinD, Rubisco, and ferredoxin contribute to symptom severity, while others, such as VARICOSE and calmodulin-like protein, are involved in RNA silencing suppression.
- Some HC-Pro interactions, with triacylglycerol lipase, calreticulin, and violaxanthin deepoxidase, appear beneficial to the host plant.
- 146 plant proteins containing the YXVG/G motif were identified, suggesting potential autoproteolytic targets.
Conclusions:
- HC-Pro's diverse interactions with host proteins are key to its multifaceted roles in the viral lifecycle.
- The varying strength of these interactions across plant species likely underlies the observed species-specific sensitivity to potyviruses.
- Further research into HC-Pro-host protein interactions is essential for understanding potyvirus pathogenesis and developing control strategies.
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