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When analyzing a single line-to-ground fault from phase A to ground at a three-phase bus, it is important to consider the fault impedance. This impedance is zero for a bolted fault, equal to the arc impedance for an arcing fault, and represents the total fault impedance for a transmission-line insulator flashover. To derive sequence and phase currents, fault conditions are translated from the phase domain to the sequence domain.
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Updated: May 5, 2026

A New Murine Model of Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair
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Serious Failure Modes After EVAR Are Device Specific.

O M Abdul-Malak1, P Cherfan1, N Liang1

  • 1Division of Vascular Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.

Journal of Endovascular Therapy : an Official Journal of the International Society of Endovascular Specialists
|May 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) failures like type I and III endoleaks necessitate re-interventions. Understanding device-specific failure modes is crucial for long-term surveillance and successful EVAR outcomes.

Keywords:
EVARaneurysmendoleak

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Surgery
  • Endovascular Interventions
  • Aortic Aneurysm Repair

Background:

  • Type I and III endoleaks after endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) can lead to severe complications and require re-intervention.
  • Different endograft devices may exhibit distinct failure patterns throughout the follow-up period.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review institutional experience with aortic endograft re-interventions for type I and III endoleaks and other serious failures across various devices.
  • To analyze the modes of failure and outcomes associated with different EVAR devices.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of patients who underwent open conversion or major endovascular intervention for type I/III endoleaks after EVAR between 2002 and 2019.
  • Collection of baseline characteristics, procedural details, re-intervention types, and outcomes for 229 patients.

Main Results:

  • Type 1A endoleak was the most frequent indication for re-intervention (63.8%), followed by type IB (20.1%), type IIIA (16.6%), and type IIIB (6.5%).
  • Proximal migration was common with AneuRx devices, type III endoleaks with AFX devices, and type IB endoleaks with Ancure devices.
  • 18% of patients presented with ruptured aneurysms, and 9% were symptomatic at the time of re-intervention.

Conclusions:

  • Serious failure modes of EVAR devices vary and occur over time, necessitating device-specific surveillance.
  • Understanding legacy endograft failure modes is vital for tailoring long-term surveillance and repair strategies.