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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Evaluation of T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center Response During Influenza A Virus Infection in Mice
Published on: June 27, 2020
Help me help you: emerging concepts in T follicular helper cell differentiation, identity, and function
Sebastian A Wellford1, Pamela L Schwartzberg1
1Cell Signalling and Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
None:
Effective high-affinity, long-term humoral immunity requires T cell help provided by a subset of differentiated CD4+ T cells known as T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. Classically, Tfh cells provide contact-dependent help for the generation of germinal centers (GCs) in secondary lymphoid organs (SLOs). Recent studies have expanded the conventional definition of Tfh cells, revealing new functions, new descriptions of Tfh subsets, new factors regulating Tfh differentiation, and new roles outside of SLO GCs. Together, these data suggest that one Tfh is not equivalent to another, helping redefine our understanding of Tfh cells and their biology.
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