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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Novel Methods for Intranasal Administration Under Inhalation Anesthesia to Evaluate Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
Published on: November 14, 2018
Left-Right Difference in Brain Pharmacokinetics Following Nasal Administration Via One-Site Nostrils
Akiko Tanaka1, Akiko Kiriyama2, Ayaka Sano1
1Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Motoyamakita-machi 4-19-1, Higashinada, Kobe 658-8558, Japan.
None:
The olfactory and trigeminal pathways are direct delivery pathways between the nose and brain. To determine the effect of direct delivery on drug distribution in the brain, two model drugs with different physical properties, antipyrine (ANP), with high membrane permeability, and ranitidine (RNT), with low membrane permeability, were selected. For ANP, direct delivery from the nose to the brain was observed only in the olfactory bulb beside the nasal cavity, with a direct transport percentage (DTP) of approximately 45 %, whereas in the frontal and occipital brains, the contribution from the systemic circulation to the brain was observed as the primary route of brain distribution. No significant variations were observed in the pharmacokinetics of ANP in the left and right brain, whereas RNT was distributed in all brain regions with a DTP of > 95 %. The closer the brain region is to the nasal cavity, the higher the DTP. Furthermore, the left brain, the same nostril site (left nostril) of administration, had a larger level of drug delivery than the right brain. These findings imply that the influence of the administered nostril site differs based on the physicochemical properties and amount of the drug.
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