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Related Concept Videos

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

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Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
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Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Immunomodulatory Agents

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Crohn's disease is an inflammatory bowel disorder marked by chronic inflammation of the GI tract. Various treatment strategies for Crohn's disease are employed, such as immunomodulatory agents, glucocorticoids, and biologics or anti-TNF therapy. Azathioprine (Imuran), a commonly used immunomodulatory drug for Crohn's disease, is converted in the body to mercaptopurine, which inhibits purine biosynthesis and cell proliferation. Both are utilized in severe cases of Inflammatory Bowel...
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Drugs for Treatment of Crohn's Disease in IBD Using Glucocorticoids01:21

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Glucocorticoids, a class of anti-inflammatory drugs, are pivotal in treating moderate to severe Crohn's disease by inducing remission. They exhibit their anti-inflammatory action by inhibiting the production of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1, and chemokines like IL-8. In addition, they reduce the expression of inflammatory cell adhesion molecules and inhibit gene transcription of nitric oxide synthase, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management01:29

Inflammatory Bowel Disease IV: Pharmacological Management

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Upon diagnosis, managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves addressing several crucial aspects. The primary goals include resting the bowel, correcting malnutrition, and providing symptomatic relief. Resting the bowel may consist of medications to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Correcting malnutrition is essential, often requiring dietary adjustments and nutritional supplements. Symptomatic relief aims to ease pain, diarrhea, and other discomforts in IBD.
Pharmacologic...
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Fighting against Clostridioides difficile infection: Current medications.

Min Quan1, Xiaoxia Zhang1, Qingqing Fang1

  • 1Center for Infectious Diseases, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.

International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
|May 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a major health threat with limited treatments. This review covers current and emerging therapies, including new drugs and preventative strategies, to combat this urgent issue.

Keywords:
Clostridioides difficile infectionNewly developed drugsTreatment

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is an urgent global health threat causing severe diarrhea and frequent recurrence.
  • Current treatments like fidaxomicin, vancomycin, and fecal microbiota transplantation have limitations.
  • Limited therapeutic options necessitate the exploration of novel anti-CDI strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of existing and investigational medications for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI).
  • To summarize newly marketed drugs and products in development for CDI treatment and prevention.
  • To guide clinicians in appropriate CDI management and encourage further research.

Main Methods:

  • This narrative review synthesizes information on current and developing anti-CDI therapies.
  • It examines drugs for treating active CDI, preventing recurrence, and primary prevention.
  • The review includes medications in preclinical and clinical development stages.

Main Results:

  • Established treatments include fidaxomicin and vancomycin for CDI, with bezlotoxumab for recurrence prevention.
  • Numerous novel therapeutic agents are under investigation, including antibacterial drugs, preventive medications, and vaccines.
  • Preclinical research explores agents like bacteriophages and specific inhibitors for potential CDI control.

Conclusions:

  • The landscape of CDI treatment is evolving, with promising new drugs and preventative strategies emerging.
  • Continued research and development are crucial to address the unmet needs in managing CDI and its recurrence.
  • Clinicians can benefit from this review to stay updated on the latest therapeutic advancements for CDI.