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In Vitro Inflammatory Cell-Induced Corrosion Using a Lymphocyte and Macrophage Coculture.

Madison N Brown1, Lisa H Phan1, Danielle M Bryant2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

The Journal of Arthroplasty
|May 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Inflammatory cells can damage orthopaedic implants made of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) and titanium alloys. This study shows that macrophages, especially with lymphocytes and inflammatory activators, significantly reduce the oxide layer on CoCrMo implants.

Keywords:
cobalt-chromium-molybdenuminflammatory cell-induced corrosionlymphocytesmacrophagesorthopaedic alloytitanium alloy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Immunology
  • Orthopaedic Surgery

Background:

  • Cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) and titanium alloys are standard materials for orthopaedic implants.
  • Recent research indicates that inflammatory cell-induced corrosion (ICIC) can degrade these metal alloys.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of ICIC is crucial for improving implant longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanisms of inflammatory cell-induced corrosion (ICIC) in orthopaedic alloys.
  • To determine if macrophages can alter the surface oxide layer of CoCrMo and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) disks.
  • To assess the impact of coculturing macrophages with lymphocytes and inflammatory activators on oxide layer integrity.

Main Methods:

  • Murine macrophages were cultured on CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V alloy disks for 30 days.
  • Cells were activated using interferon gamma and lipopolysaccharide to simulate inflammation.
  • Macrophages were cultured alone or cocultured with T helper lymphocytes; surfaces were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Pitting corrosion, consistent with ICIC, was observed on cell-cultured disks.
  • All groups with cells showed significantly reduced oxide levels on both CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V disks compared to controls.
  • CoCrMo disks exhibited the most significant oxide reduction when exposed to activated macrophages and lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Macrophages can alter the surface chemistry of CoCrMo and Ti6Al4V orthopaedic alloys.
  • The presence of lymphocytes and a simulated inflammatory response exacerbate the corrosion of CoCrMo implants.
  • These findings highlight potential mechanisms contributing to the failure of CoCrMo orthopaedic implants due to ICIC.