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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes
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Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen for Unveiling Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Genes

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CRISPR-powered RNA sensing in vivo.

Guo Jiang1, Yuanli Gao2, Nan Zhou1

  • 1College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 311200, Zhejiang, China.

Trends in Biotechnology
|May 11, 2024
PubMed
Summary

CRISPR-based RNA sensors offer advanced in vivo diagnostics by detecting RNA disturbances. This review categorizes these powerful tools by mechanism and discusses their applications and future potential.

Keywords:
CRISPRRNA sensinggenetic circuitguide RNAprogrammability

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • In vivo RNA sensing is vital for identifying cell states and diagnosing diseases by detecting RNA disturbances.
  • CRISPR-driven genetic circuits present innovative solutions for the complex challenges in RNA sensing.
  • Existing RNA sensing technologies face limitations in sensitivity, specificity, and in vivo applicability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the latest advancements in CRISPR-powered in vivo RNA sensors.
  • To analyze the working mechanisms, advantages, and challenges of current CRISPR-based RNA sensing methodologies.
  • To explore future opportunities and obstacles for the practical implementation of these sensors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of recent literature on CRISPR-based RNA sensors.
  • Classification of sensors into four categories based on their underlying mechanisms: split sgRNA reassembly, RNA-triggered processing/cleavage, miRNA-triggered RNAi, and strand displacement.
  • Comparative analysis of sensor performance across diverse application scenarios.

Main Results:

  • CRISPR-powered RNA sensors can be broadly classified into four distinct mechanistic groups.
  • Each category exhibits unique advantages and limitations concerning sensitivity, specificity, and multiplexing capabilities.
  • Diverse applications in diagnostics and biological research are enabled by these advanced RNA sensing platforms.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-based RNA sensors represent a significant leap forward in in vivo molecular diagnostics.
  • Further development is needed to overcome challenges related to delivery, off-target effects, and signal amplification for widespread clinical use.
  • The reviewed technologies hold immense promise for advancing precision medicine and fundamental biological research.