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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Fabrication of Electrochemical-DNA Biosensors for the Reagentless Detection of Nucleic Acids, Proteins and Small Molecules
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Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors.

Balu Mahendran Gunasekaran1, Soorya Srinivasan2, Madeshwari Ezhilan3

  • 1School of Chemical & Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613 401, Tamil Nadu, India; Center for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials (CENTAB), SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.

Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry
|May 12, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors for early disease diagnosis. These advanced genosensors offer promising point-of-care solutions for detecting cancer, DNA damage, and viral infections.

Keywords:
CancerDNA damageElectrochemical genosensorsNucleic-acidVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Biosensing Technologies
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer, breast cancer, oxidative DNA damage, and viral infections pose significant diagnostic challenges.
  • Nucleic acid-based electrochemical platforms are crucial for point-of-care diagnostics and biosensing.
  • Early disease detection remains a critical unmet need in healthcare.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review biosensor design strategies for advanced electrochemical genosensing devices.
  • To explore DNA immobilization techniques and their application in disease diagnosis.
  • To highlight the role of biorecognition elements and nanointerfaces in genosensor development.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on reviewing existing literature on nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors.
  • Analysis of design principles for genosensing devices.
  • Examination of immobilization strategies for DNA on electrode surfaces.
  • Review of biorecognition elements and nanointerfaces for biomarker detection.

Main Results:

  • Electrochemical genosensors show utility in early diagnosis of cancer, leukaemia, oxidative DNA damage, and viral pathogens.
  • Advanced designs incorporate specific biorecognition elements and nanointerfaces for enhanced detection.
  • Various DNA immobilization approaches are employed to optimize sensor performance.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid-based electrochemical biosensors are vital tools for early disease detection.
  • Further research is needed to address challenges in sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limits.
  • This review provides insights for fabricating and understanding these biosensors for biomedical applications.