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Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is...
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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Finite Element Modeling for the Simulation of the Quasi-Static Compression of Corrugated Tapered Tubes
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The inner tube effect.

Ian M Thornton1, Sunčica Zdravković2,3, Dejan Todorović3

  • 1Department of Cognitive Science, Faculty of Media and Knowledge Sciences, University of Malta, Msida, Malta.

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|May 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel size illusion causes targets to appear to shrink or grow within a narrow tube, depending on contrast. This visual perception effect, observed in static and dynamic displays, is explored with an interactive demo.

Keywords:
RLIcontrast illusionsrocking line illusionsize illusionsvisual illusions

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Area of Science:

  • Visual perception
  • Psychophysics
  • Optical illusions

Background:

  • The "rocking line" illusion (RLI) demonstrates dynamic visual effects.
  • Previous research has explored various size and contrast-dependent visual phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe a new size illusion.
  • To investigate the influence of contrast and display scale on this illusion.
  • To provide an interactive tool for exploring the illusion's parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Observation of the size illusion in static and dynamic visual displays.
  • Analysis of the relationship between contrast steps and perceived size change.
  • Development of an online, interactive demo to explore the illusion's parameter space.

Main Results:

  • A novel size illusion was identified where targets appear to change size within a narrow tube.
  • The direction of perceived size change (shrinking or growing) is determined by the contrast step between display elements.
  • The overall scale of the display influences the magnitude of the size illusion.

Conclusions:

  • The contrast step between display elements is a critical factor in this novel size illusion.
  • The illusion is observable in both dynamic and static visual contexts.
  • The findings contribute to our understanding of visual perception and size constancy mechanisms.