Advancement in Fabrication and Characterization Techniques of Nanocomposites

Advancements in the field of materials research have unveiled numerous unparalleled features, such as mechanical properties, clinical advances, interfacial strengthening, and porosities, providing a wide range of applications. The employment of any material begins with fabrication and characterization, demanding expertise for the effective execution of the investigation. This review encompasses the details of the working principles of some significant and frequently used fabrication and characterization techniques for various material categories, including pellets and coatings. The discussion begins with techniques for fabricating materials for various applications. A brief overview of coating synthesis methods can provide intriguing information for researchers in the field of coating fabrication. The report highlights the portrayal of morphological and physiochemical analysis techniques, followed by the estimation of the elastic modulus using nanoindentation and dynamic modulus mapping testing for the materials. Additionally, the review covers theoretical models for observing the elastic moduli of the materials. The review depicts tribological investigations of the materials, aiming to provide insight into fretting wear, pin-on-disc, and microscratch testing. The fundamentals of electrochemical characterization are presented, including the appraisal of linear polarization and potentiodynamic polarization as well as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Furthermore, the magnetic behavior was examined by using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and the estimation of magnetic domains in the materials was conducted through magnetic force microscopy. Thus, the report suggests that readers, especially beginners, can gain a comprehensive understanding of the extensive prospects associated with the fundamental principles of material synthesis and characterization.