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Chunky Mitral Annular Calcification: Caseoma or a Tumor?

Sakshi Khurana1, Amit Gulati2, Marlon E Rivera Boadla3

  • 1Radiology, New York Presbyterian-Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, USA.

Cureus
|May 13, 2024
PubMed

Insights

Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is common, particularly in females and those with end-stage renal disease. MAC can lead to serious heart rhythm problems like heart blocks and atrial fibrillation.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Mitral annular calcification (MAC) is a prevalent condition encountered in clinical settings.
  • It disproportionately affects females compared to males.

Observation:

  • Patients with end-stage renal disease exhibit a higher prevalence of MAC than the general population.
  • MAC is associated with an increased incidence of conduction system disturbances, such as advanced atrioventricular blocks.
  • Individuals with MAC are at greater risk for developing arrhythmias, notably atrial fibrillation.

Findings:

  • Caseous mitral annulus calcification, a distinct variant of MAC, can mimic cardiac tumors on echocardiography.
  • Accurate differentiation of caseous MAC from actual tumors is crucial for appropriate patient management.

Implications:

  • Understanding the associations of MAC with specific demographics and comorbidities is vital for risk stratification.
  • Recognizing the potential for arrhythmias and conduction abnormalities in MAC patients aids in proactive cardiac care.
  • Distinguishing caseous MAC from cardiac masses ensures correct diagnosis and treatment pathways.

Keywords:
atrial fibrillationatrioventricular conductioncaseous calcification of the mitral annulusend stage renal disease (esrd)mitral annulus calcification

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