A Cross-Sectional Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients Using the...

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Endocrinology
• Public Health

Background:

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses a growing global health challenge, particularly in India.
• T2DM patients face a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to non-diabetics, leading to increased morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).
• To evaluate the association between cardiovascular risk profiles and 10-year CVD risk using the Framingham Risk Score.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study involving 110 T2DM patients.
• Analysis of anthropometric and biochemical parameters, with 10-year CVD risk calculated using the Framingham Risk Score.
• Comparison of CVD risk factors between genders and analysis of associations between Framingham risk and risk factor categories.

Main Results:

• Over 43% of T2DM patients were at moderate to high 10-year CVD risk.
• Males exhibited higher rates of hypertension, elevated cholesterol, and smoking/tobacco use compared to females.
• Hypertension, elevated total cholesterol, smoking/tobacco use, and poor glycemic control were significant risk factors for high 10-year CVD risk.

Conclusions:

• Male gender, hypertension, smoking, and uncontrolled diabetes are key predictors of CVD progression in T2DM patients.
• Raising awareness and implementing early interventions at the primary healthcare level are crucial for managing CVD risk in T2DM.