Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
Published on: November 11, 2013
Fe3O4-modified FeCl3/graphite intercalation compound confinement architecture for unleashing the high-performance
Kai Zhou1, Baiyu Guo1, Jun Ma1
1Clean Nano Energy Center, State Key Laboratory of Metastable Materials Science and Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, P. R. China. wtcnec@stumail.ysu.edu.cn.
Abstract:
The ferric trichloride (FeCl3)-intercalated graphite intercalation compound (GIC) has high reversible capacity and bulk density, making it a promising anode material for lithium ion batteries. However, its practical application has been limited by the poor cycle performance due to chloride dissolution and shuttling issues. Herein, FeCl3-GIC is used as the precursor material to synthesize a nano-Fe3O4-modified intercalation material by a solvothermal method. The Fe3O4 moiety at the edge of FeCl3-GIC provides a robust chemical anchoring effect on the chlorides. Together with the two-dimensional graphite layer, it forms a confinement space, which effectively immobilizes soluble chlorides. Attributed to the distinctive structural design, the Fe3O4-FeCl3/GIC 25% C electrode offers a high reversible capacity of 691.4 mA h g-1 at 1000 mA g-1 after 400 cycles. At 2000 and 5000 mA g-1, the reversible specific capacity of the Fe3O4-FeCl3/GIC 25% C electrode is 345.6 and 218.3 mA h g-1, respectively. This work presents an innovative method to improve the lifespan of GIC.
Related Concept Videos
Ladder Diagrams: Redox Equilibria
Consider the Fe3+/Fe2+ half-reaction, which has a standard-state potential of +0.771 V. At potentials more positive than +0.771 V, Fe3+ predominates, whereas Fe2+...
Trends in Lattice Energy: Ion Size and Charge
Ionic Bonding and Electron Transfer
Batteries and Fuel Cells

