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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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In situ decrease in rhodolith growth associated with Arctic climate change.

Sebastian Teichert1, Carl J Reddin1,2, Max Wisshak3

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Arctic crustose coralline algae (CCA) rhodolith growth is declining due to rising ocean temperatures. This climate change impact, observed over 90 years, reduces habitat complexity and threatens marine ecosystems globally.

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calcificationcrustose coralline algae (CCA)ecosystem engineersglobal warmingmicro‐computed tomographyrhodolithstime series

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Climate Change Science
  • Ecosystem Ecology

Background:

  • Rhodoliths, built by crustose coralline algae (CCA), are vital ecosystem engineers in the Arctic photic zone, creating complex habitats.
  • Unlike coral reefs, rhodoliths exhibit extremely slow growth rates (micrometers per year).
  • Climate change impacts on CCA calcite skeletons are known, but long-term field growth data are scarce.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of rising ocean temperatures on Arctic rhodolith growth over decadal timescales.
  • To quantify the relationship between temperature increase and rhodolith growth rates.
  • To assess potential synergistic effects of climate change factors on rhodoliths.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of a temporally explicit model.
  • Analysis of rhodolith growth data across different depths (11, 27, and 46m) in the Arctic.
  • Statistical analysis of growth rates in relation to seawater temperature fluctuations over nearly 100 years.

Main Results:

  • A significant negative correlation was found between rising summer seawater temperatures and rhodolith growth.
  • Each 1°C increase in temperature reduced growth by a mean of 8.9 μm/year.
  • Growth reduction was observed at 11m and 27m depths, but not significantly at 46m, which had a shorter data series.

Conclusions:

  • Anthropogenic climate change, specifically rising ocean temperatures, is impairing Arctic rhodolith growth.
  • Observed temperature increases may have surpassed the thermal optimum for these CCA, or other factors like ocean acidification and turbidity play a synergistic role.
  • Reduced rhodolith growth contributes to habitat loss, impacting marine biodiversity and ecosystem function worldwide.