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Related Concept Videos

Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Intellectual Disability01:29

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Interference and Decay01:16

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Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
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Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
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Published on: August 25, 2023

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Impairment Arguments, Interests, and Circularity.

Stephen Napier1

  • 1Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, USA.

The Journal of Medicine and Philosophy
|May 13, 2024
PubMed
Summary

The time-relative interest account (TRIA) of harm justifies abortion by claiming fetuses have no interests. However, this argument is circular, as it assumes abortion is permissible without proving it.

Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Moral Philosophy

Background:

  • Abortion rights are often justified by the argument that a fetus lacks time-relative interests, thus its death does not constitute harm.
  • The time-relative interest account (TRIA) posits that harm occurs when an individual's time-relative interests are frustrated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the application of the time-relative interest account (TRIA) as a justification for abortion rights.
  • To demonstrate the circularity in using TRIA to defend abortion against impairment arguments.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis of the time-relative interest account (TRIA) and its implications for abortion ethics.
  • Examination of impairment arguments, which involve prenatal injuries and their impact on the child's future well-being.
  • Critique of common responses that distinguish between abortion and prenatal injury cases.
Keywords:
abortioncircularityharmmoral risktime-relative interests

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Main Results:

  • The TRIA justification for abortion is vulnerable to impairment arguments, particularly those involving prenatal injury.
  • Standard defenses of TRIA in abortion debates are circular because they presuppose the moral permissibility of abortion.
  • The argument that fetuses lack interests fails to address the moral status of causing harm, even if interests are not yet formed.

Conclusions:

  • The TRIA justification for abortion is philosophically unsound due to its circular reasoning.
  • The moral permissibility of abortion cannot be established by asserting that fetuses lack time-relative interests.
  • Further ethical considerations beyond the TRIA are necessary to address the morality of abortion.