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Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface Tension of Fluid

Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Colloidal precipitates

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

Published on: May 20, 2014

Core-softened colloid under extreme geometrical confinement.

Leandro B Krott¹, Thiago Puccinelli², José Rafael Bordin²

¹Centro de Ciências, Tecnologias e Saúde, Campus Araranguá, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Rua Pedro João Pereira, 150, CEP 88905120, Araranguá, SC, Brazil. leandro.krott@ufsc.br.

|May 13, 2024

Summary

Geometrical confinement of core-softened colloids can create novel crystal structures. Extreme confinement between walls induces transitions to unique phases, like the square phase, not seen in 2D or bulk systems.

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Area of Science:

Colloid Science
Materials Science
Statistical Mechanics

Background:

Geometrical constraints are key for assembling unusual colloidal crystal structures.
Core-softened colloids are versatile building blocks with broad scientific applications.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate core-softened colloids confined between parallel walls.
Analyze system behavior under extreme confinement (1-2 layers).
Explore phase transitions and structural changes induced by confinement.

Main Methods:

Molecular dynamics simulations.
Modeling particles with a ramp-like potential.
Confining particles within slit nanoslits with tunable separation (L_z) and lateral size (L).

Main Results:

Identified a mono-to-bilayer transition with increasing confinement (L_z) or decompression.
Observed solid phases in the monolayer regime at lower densities than 2D systems.
Demonstrated the emergence of the square phase under specific bilayer confinement (L_z), not seen in monolayer or 2D.

Conclusions:

Confinement significantly alters colloidal crystal structures.
Specific geometrical constraints can induce novel phases like the square phase.
Findings provide insights into manipulating colloidal structures via geometrical constraints.