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Harnessing Environmental Sensitivity in SnSe-Based Metal-Semiconductor-Metal Devices: Unveiling Negative

Seema Rani1, Subhabrata Das1, Shumile Ahmed Siddiqui1

  • 1Quantum Materials & Devices Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City-Sector 81, Mohali 140306, India.

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|May 14, 2024
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Summary

Environmental adsorbates tune 2D layered materials like SnSe. This study shows negative photoconductivity (NPC) in SnSe photodetectors enhances performance and enables humidity sensing for respiration monitoring.

Keywords:
SnSe flakeshumidity sensingnegative and positive photoconductivityphotodesorptionphotodetectionschottky barrierwater adsorption

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) layered materials exhibit extreme sensitivity to environmental adsorbates.
  • This sensitivity is often a challenge but can be harnessed to tune material properties.
  • Metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) devices fabricated on CVD-synthesized SnSe flakes are used to investigate these effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of environmental adsorbates on the electrical and photoelectrical properties of SnSe flakes.
  • To explore the transition from positive photoconductivity (PPC) to negative photoconductivity (NPC) in SnSe devices.
  • To demonstrate the potential of SnSe-based devices for sensing applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of MSM devices on CVD-synthesized SnSe flakes.
  • Characterization of electrical and photoconductivity properties under ambient conditions.
  • Focused laser etching in an inert environment to study photodesorption effects.
  • Design and testing of a humidity sensor based on NPC photodetectors.

Main Results:

  • Freshly prepared SnSe devices show PPC, which transitions to NPC upon ambient exposure.
  • NPC photodetectors exhibit significantly higher responsivity (36.3 A/W) and detectivity (1.49 × 10^9 Jones) compared to PPC devices.
  • NPC devices show a 300-fold decrease in noise-equivalent power, indicating superior weak signal detection.
  • Laser etching enhances responsivity by 43%, supporting the hypothesis of photodesorption of water and oxygen.
  • Humidity sensors based on NPC photodetectors demonstrate fast response (0.72 s) and recovery (0.68 s) times for respiration monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • Environmental adsorbates, specifically water and oxygen, can be utilized to tune the photoelectrical response of SnSe.
  • Negative photoconductivity in SnSe is linked to the photodesorption of adsorbates from dangling bonds.
  • SnSe-based photodetectors show potential for enhanced optoelectronic performance and multifunctional sensing applications.
  • The facile tuning of photoelectrical properties opens avenues for developing advanced sensors and optoelectronic devices.