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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
In chronic gastritis, persistent or repeated insults lead to chronic inflammatory changes and, eventually, thinning or atrophy of the gastric tissue.
Gastritis can stem from various causes, each...
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What is the Immune System?01:38

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Myasthenia Gravis: Overview and Treatment01:20

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Myasthenia gravis is a neuromuscular transmission disorder characterized by weakness and increased fatigability of skeletal muscles. It is an autoimmune disease affecting approximately one in 2000 people, where antibodies against the α1 subunit of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are produced.
These antibodies interfere with the function of the nicotinic receptors in three ways: by binding to the receptor and disrupting acetylcholine binding; by causing cross-linking of receptors which...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Primary Lymphoid Organs01:16

Primary Lymphoid Organs

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Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...
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Anti-Nuclear Antibody Screening Using HEp-2 Cells
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[Autoimmune Nodopathy].

Hidenori Ogata1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Kyushu University Hospital.

Brain and Nerve = Shinkei Kenkyu No Shinpo
|May 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Autoimmune nodopathy (AN) involves autoantibodies targeting nerve proteins, leading to sensorimotor issues. B cell-depletion therapy shows effectiveness in treating this immune-mediated neuropathy.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimmunology
  • Neurology
  • Autoimmunity

Context:

  • Autoimmune nodopathy (AN) is a recently defined autoimmune disorder.
  • It is characterized by autoantibodies against key proteins at the nodes of Ranvier and paranodes.

Purpose:

  • To define the characteristics of autoimmune nodopathy.
  • To explore diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for AN.

Summary:

  • AN involves immune-mediated neuropathy with autoantibodies against neurofascin and contactin family proteins, predominantly immunoglobulin G4.
  • Patients present with distal sensorimotor disturbances, sensory ataxia, and high cerebrospinal fluid protein, often unresponsive to IVIg.
  • B cell-depletion therapy with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies is a promising treatment approach.

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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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Impact:

  • Autoantibody measurement aids in AN diagnosis and treatment selection.
  • Understanding AN pathogenesis can lead to targeted therapies for immune-mediated neuropathies.