Deterministic Areal Enhancement of Interlayer Exciton Emission by a Plasmonic Lattice on Mirror

The emergence of interlayer excitons (IX) in atomically thin heterostructures of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) has drawn great attention due to their unique and exotic optical and optoelectronic properties. Because of the spatially indirect nature of IX, its oscillator strength is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of the intralayer excitons, resulting in a relatively low photoluminescence (PL) efficiency. Here, we achieve the PL enhancement of IX by more than 2 orders of magnitude across the entire heterostructure area with a plasmonic lattice on mirror (PLoM) structure. The significant PL enhancement mainly arises from resonant coupling between the amplified electric field strength within the PLoM gap and the out-of-plane dipole moment of IX excitons, increasing the emission efficiency by a factor of around 47.5 through the Purcell effect. This mechanism is further verified by detuning the PLoM resonance frequency with respect to the IX emission energy, which is consistent with our theoretical model. Moreover, our simulation results reveal that the PLoM structure greatly alters the far-field radiation of the IX excitons preferentially to the surface normal direction, which increases the collection efficiency by a factor of around 10. Our work provides a reliable and universal method to enhance and manipulate the emission properties of the out-of-plane excitons in a deterministic way and holds great promise for boosting the development of photoelectronic devices based on the IX excitons.