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Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis

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Factors associated with keratoconus in Israel-A cross-sectional population-based study.

Or Ben-Shaul^1,2, Adi Segal¹, Sharon Schwartz¹

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Lady Davis Carmel Medical Center, Haifa, Israel.

Acta Ophthalmologica

|May 14, 2024

Summary

This study identified male gender, Arab ethnicity, and conditions like diabetes, asthma, and atopic dermatitis as risk factors for keratoconus (an eye condition). Smoking showed a protective effect against developing keratoconus.

Keywords:

epidemiology keratoconus risk factors

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Area of Science:

Ophthalmology
Genetics
Epidemiology

Background:

Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition affecting corneal shape.
Identifying associated risk factors is crucial for early detection and management.
Previous studies have suggested various genetic and environmental influences, but comprehensive population-based data are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate demographic and comorbid factors associated with keratoconus.
To determine independent risk factors for keratoconus in a large population cohort.
To identify potential protective factors against keratoconus development.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study utilizing data from Israel's largest healthcare provider (2005-2020).
Inclusion of keratoconus patients and age-matched controls.
Multivariable conditional logistic regression analysis to identify independent risk factors.

Main Results:

Male gender, Arab ethnicity, diabetes, asthma, myalgia, mental retardation/Down syndrome, atopic dermatitis, and allergic rhinitis were significantly associated with keratoconus.
Smoking demonstrated a significant protective effect against keratoconus.
The study analyzed over 145,000 subjects, including 13,228 keratoconus patients.

Conclusions:

Male gender, Arab ethnicity, and several comorbid conditions are linked to increased keratoconus risk.
Smoking appears to have a protective role in keratoconus development.
Findings can inform targeted screening and early intervention strategies for high-risk populations.