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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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Synthesis and Characterization of Amphiphilic Gold Nanoparticles
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Hydrogen on Colloidal Gold Nanoparticles.

Noreen E Gentry1, Aiko Kurimoto1, Kai Cui1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 14, 2024
PubMed
Summary

Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) bind significant hydrogen under mild conditions, a redox process crucial for their applications. This hydrogen binding is limited by nanoparticle size and surface defects.

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Area of Science:

  • Nanomaterials Science
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Colloidal gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are widely used but their redox chemistry is not fully understood.
  • Existing research often focuses on electron transfer rather than proton involvement.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the fundamental redox chemistry of aqueous gold nanoparticles (AuNPs).
  • To quantify the extent of hydrogen (electron + proton) binding to AuNPs under mild conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Titration studies of oxidation and reduction reactions of 5 nm AuNPs in aqueous solution.
  • Monitoring reactions using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical absorption.
  • Computational studies to interpret SPR shifts and reaction mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • AuNPs bind substantial hydrogen (electrons + protons) under mild reducing and oxidizing conditions.
  • Hydrogen binding is limited to approximately 30% surface coverage on 5 nm AuNPs, with larger nanoparticles showing less coverage.
  • SPR is highly sensitive to surface hydrogen, distinguishing it from solution changes.

Conclusions:

  • Hydrogen binds to edge, corner, and defect sites on AuNP surfaces, explaining stoichiometric limitations and size effects.
  • The substantial and stable surface hydrogen on AuNPs has implications for catalysis and biomedicine in reducing environments.
  • This finding challenges the traditional electron-centric view of AuNP redox chemistry.