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Related Concept Videos

Entropy02:39

Entropy

29.4K
Salt particles that have dissolved in water never spontaneously come back together in solution to reform solid particles. Moreover, a gas that has expanded in a vacuum remains dispersed and never spontaneously reassembles. The unidirectional nature of these phenomena is the result of a thermodynamic state function called entropy (S). Entropy is the measure of the extent to which the energy is dispersed throughout a system, or in other words, it is proportional to the degree of disorder of a...
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Third Law of Thermodynamics02:38

Third Law of Thermodynamics

18.8K
A pure, perfectly crystalline solid possessing no kinetic energy (that is, at a temperature of absolute zero, 0 K) may be described by a single microstate, as its purity, perfect crystallinity,and complete lack of motion means there is but one possible location for each identical atom or molecule comprising the crystal (W = 1). According to the Boltzmann equation, the entropy of this system is zero.
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Entropy Change in Reversible Processes01:10

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

2.5K
In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.
2.5K
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics01:20

Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics

2.8K
The second law of thermodynamics can be stated quantitatively using the concept of entropy. Entropy is the measure of disorder of the system.
The relation  between entropy and disorder can be illustrated with the example of the phase change of ice to water. In ice, the molecules are located at specific sites giving a solid state, whereas, in a liquid form, these molecules are much freer to move. The molecular arrangement has therefore become more randomized. Although the change in average...
2.8K
Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction03:00

Standard Entropy Change for a Reaction

20.3K
Entropy is a state function, so the standard entropy change for a chemical reaction (ΔS°rxn) can be calculated from the difference in standard entropy between the products and the reactants.
20.3K
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

7.0K
The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ...
7.0K

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Updated: Jun 26, 2025

Bulk and Thin Film Synthesis of Compositionally Variant Entropy-stabilized Oxides
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An Unexpected Decrease in Vibrational Entropy of Multicomponent Rutile Oxides.

Yaowen Wang1, Xinbo Li1, Jipeng Luo2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, P. R. China.

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Vibrational entropy, often overlooked in high-entropy oxides (HEOs), significantly impacts their thermal stability. This study confirms its crucial role in lowering crystallization temperatures for multicomponent rutile HEOs.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Thermodynamics
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • High-entropy oxides (HEOs) possess unique properties due to their complex compositions.
  • Configurational entropy is widely accepted as the primary driver of HEO thermal stability.
  • The contribution of vibrational entropy to HEO thermodynamics remains largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the role of vibrational entropy in multicomponent rutile oxides.
  • To determine how component disorder affects vibrational entropy in these materials.
  • To elucidate the influence of excess vibrational entropy on the crystallization temperature of HEOs.

Main Methods:

  • Precise heat capacity measurements were conducted on various multicomponent rutile oxides.
  • Analysis included examining configuration disorder, size mismatch, phase transitions, and polyhedral distortions.
  • Vibrational entropy was calculated and correlated with material characteristics.

Main Results:

  • Vibrational entropy decreases with increasing component disorder, deviating from equilibrium predictions.
  • All studied multicomponent rutile oxides exhibit positive excess vibrational entropy at 298.15 K.
  • Excess vibrational entropy was identified as a key factor in reducing the crystallization temperature.

Conclusions:

  • This research provides the first experimental evidence for the significant role of lattice vibrations in the thermodynamic landscape of rutile HEOs.
  • Vibrational entropy is a critical factor influencing the thermal behavior and processing of HEOs.
  • Vibrational entropy can be utilized as a novel descriptor for designing new multicomponent oxide materials.