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Sample characteristics for quantitative analyses in Body Image: Issues of generalisability.

Thomas V Pollet1, Jeanne Bovet1, Rosie Buhaenko1

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Psychological research samples, particularly in Body Image studies, often lack representativeness. Findings suggest samples skew younger and have lower body mass index (BMI) than the general population, impacting generalizability.

Keywords:
External validityMethodologyMonte Carlo SimulationSampling

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Body Image Research

Background:

  • Psychological research faces criticism for sample representativeness, impacting external validity.
  • The generalizability of findings is often questioned due to non-representative samples.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the representativeness of quantitative samples published in the journal Body Image in 2021.
  • To examine deviations of study samples from the general population, affecting the validity of research findings.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive survey of 149 quantitative samples from the journal Body Image (2021).
  • Analysis of sample demographics (student populations, geographic origin) and measurement methods (direct vs. self-reported BMI).
  • Monte Carlo simulations to compare sample characteristics (age, BMI) against population reference values.

Main Results:

  • A significant portion of samples originated from student populations (n=44) and were primarily from the US, UK, and Australia.
  • Most studies relied on self-reported body mass index (BMI) (n=93) rather than direct measurements (n=9).
  • Simulations revealed samples tended to be younger and have lower BMI compared to general population reference values.

Conclusions:

  • Samples in Body Image research often deviate from the general population, particularly in age and BMI.
  • Findings suggest potential limitations in the generalizability of research published in the journal.
  • Recommendations are made for clearer specification of generalizability parameters to enhance research rigor.